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Very simply, a system is a collection of parts (or subsystems) integrated to accomplish an overall goal (a system of people is an organization). Systems have input processes, outputs and outcomes, with ongoing feedback among these various parts. If one part of the system is removed, the nature of the system is changed.
Systems range from very simple to very complex. There are numerous types of simple systems. For example, there are biological systems (the heart, etc.), mechanical systems (thermostat, etc.), human/mechanical systems (riding a bicycle, etc.), ecological systems (predator/prey, etc.), social systems (groups, supply and demand, friendship, etc.) and psychological systems (memory, thinking… etc.).
Complex systems, such as social systems, are comprised of numerous subsystems, as well; These subsystems are arranged in hierarchies, and integrated to accomplish the goal of the system. Each subsystem has its own boundaries of sorts, and includes various inputs, processes, outputs, and outcomes geared to accomplish and overall goal for the subsystem.
A pile of sand is not a system. If one removes a sand particle, you have still got a pile of sand. However, a functioning car is a system. Remove the carburetor and you have no longer got a working car.