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A useful development of the Systems approach is given by Nadler. He suggests that if we can disengage our thoughts from the present situation when defining a complex problem and think instead of an ideal solution, that is, one which is not restricted by money, method or resources, then by keeping this ideal solution in mind, we will come nearer to it in practice than by trying to inch forward with the present as our reference point. Nadler describes three stages in the achievement of a workable solution: the Ultimate Ideal System, the Technologically Workable Ideal System and the Technologically Workable Ideal System Target. An Ultimate Idea System represents the best system likely to be achieved through the development of existing knowledge. But it is achievable, even though at a later date, and can be made a target for improvement in the future, giving a fixed aim point rather than a projection forward from the present situation. A Technologically Workable Ideal System is one based on technology which already exists, but which does not take into account real-life restrictions such as money, available skill, etc. By designing several systems to this criterion and selecting one as a guide, a recommended system, the Technologically Workable Ideal System Target, as a guide, can finally be described which does take into account all real-life restrictions.
Systems do not have to be complicated or unintelligible, or even dressed in jargon. A system is just an arrangement of circumstances that makes things happen in a certain way. The circumstances may be metal grids, electronic components, warm bodies, rules and regulations or anything else. In each case, what actually happens is determined by the nature of the system. One can take the function of the system for granted and become interested in how it is carried out.