Conceptual fluency… is able to produce a large number of ideas quickly.

 Originality… generates unusual ideas

 Separates source from content in evaluating information… is motivated by interest in problem… follows wherever it leads

Suspends judgment… avoids early commitment… spends more time in analysis, exploration.

 Less authoritarian… has relativistic view of life

 Accepts own impulses… playful, undisciplined exploration

Independence of judgment, less conformity Deviant, sees self as different

 Rich, “bizarre” fantasy life and superior reality orientation; controls.

Has idea men

Open channels of communication

Adhoe devices:

Suggestion systems

Brain-storming

Idea units absolved of other responsibilities

Encourages contact with outside sources

Heterogeneous personnel policy

Includes marginal, unusual types

Assigns non-specialists to problems

Allows eccentricity

Has an objective, fact-founded approach

Ideas evaluated on their merits, not status of originator

Adhoe approaches:

Anonymous communications

Blind votes.

Selects and promotes on merit only

Lack of financial, material commitment to products, policies

Invests in basic research; flexible, long-range planning

Experiments with new ideas rather than prejudging on “rational” grounds; everything gets a chance

More decentralized; diversified

Administrative slack; time and resources to absorb errors.

Risk-taking ethos… tolerates and expects taking chances.

Not run as “tight ship”

Employees have fun

Allows freedom to choose and pursue problems

Freedom to discuss ideas

Organizationally autonomous

Original and different objectives, not trying to be another “X”

Security of routine… allows innovation

“Philistines” provide stable, secure environment that allows “creators” to roam.